acknowledge - to confess; admit. Like Old English (O.E.) cūþlǣċan
“to make known” but with acknow (from O.E. on-cnāwan) put in the stead of cūþ. ǣ is now often ea thus sǣ - sea, hǣlþ - health and so on, but earlier only an e. *oncnāwlǣcan/*acnāwlǣcan should then give us aknowleche, which is not booked as such only knowleche on the one hand and aknow on the other being found. The more rightful New English spelling would be something like "acknowleache" but it is unsightly, and so we have "acknowledge". The thirdhood onefold, agonetime shape should be acknowlaight/acknowleight not acknowledged, see Southern English Legendary (Laud handwrit
108) : Þe furste Nijȝt þat he knovleiȝte hire, he bi-ȝat
seint thomas. And our straight/streight from stretch. But in the same way stretch becometh stretched not
straight/streight, so acknowledge hath become acknowledged.
acknowledgings - confessions. See acknowledge + -ing and O.E. cnāwelācing. Wycliffe draught (Dublin Trinity College 245) "Confession generaly is knowlechynge made wiþ wille;...".
afonded - tempted O. E. afandian, from fandian, ȝefandian Middle English hath -o- for -a-.
afonding - tempting
againward - opposite; vice versa
agonetime - past tense; time past.
afonding - tempting
againward - opposite; vice versa
agonetime - past tense; time past.
areachings - descriptions; accounts. See araught.
araught - described. O.E. ārecc(e)an, areahte. Gower Confessio Amantis (Frf 3) 5.1826:
Crist wroghte ferst and after tawhte,
So that the dede his word arawhte.
asunder - apart
awending - translation. From O.E. āwendan.
araught - described. O.E. ārecc(e)an, areahte. Gower Confessio Amantis (Frf 3) 5.1826:
Crist wroghte ferst and after tawhte,
So that the dede his word arawhte.
asunder - apart
awending - translation. From O.E. āwendan.
awent - translated. From O. E. āwende→ āwendan see new English went from O.E. wende.
beadle - herald; messenger.
becometh - becomes
behest - command. From O. E. behǣs + -t.
behote - promise, vow Old English behātan
behight (1) - promised, vowed O.E. behēt, behēht> past tense of behātan
behight (2)- called; entitled. Spenser F. Q. v. iv. 25 "Whom soon as he beheld he knew, and thus behight." From Old English hātan, 3rd-person singular preterite "hēt, heht".
belike - probably
belongeth - belongs
bequeameth - pleases
becometh - becomes
behest - command. From O. E. behǣs + -t.
behote - promise, vow Old English behātan
behight (1) - promised, vowed O.E. behēt, behēht> past tense of behātan
behight (2)- called; entitled. Spenser F. Q. v. iv. 25 "Whom soon as he beheld he knew, and thus behight." From Old English hātan, 3rd-person singular preterite "hēt, heht".
belike - probably
belongeth - belongs
bequeameth - pleases
beteaching - assigning
betaught - assigned.
bewrixleth - exchanges
blede - fruits; crop. From O. E. blēd.
betaught - assigned.
bewrixleth - exchanges
blede - fruits; crop. From O. E. blēd.
John
Walton's awending of Boethius' De Consolatione Philosophiae
(Lincoln, Cathedral Bookhoard 103):
Autumpnus
bringeþ forþ his blede,
Full
lusty fruytes, folkes for to fede.
boder - messengerbodeword - message
booked - recorded
bookhoard - library. From O.E. bōchord, the building is a bookhouse O.E. bōchūs.
bringeth - brings
brooked - used, employed. From O.E. brūcan but made weak instead of strong so like Dutch bruikte→bruiken.
brooked - used, employed. From O.E. brūcan but made weak instead of strong so like Dutch bruikte→bruiken.
brooking - using; employing from O.E. brūcan
calleth - calls
chapitle - chapter. The word "chapter" is a formenging of chapitle, as both look to the Latin capitulum.
deal - part
dealings - divisions
chapitle - chapter. The word "chapter" is a formenging of chapitle, as both look to the Latin capitulum.
deal - part
dealings - divisions
deals - parts
deem - judge; decide
deemed - judged; decided; determined
dern - secret; hidden
dighten - arranged
deemed - judged; decided; determined
dern - secret; hidden
dighten - arranged
dole - part
doth - does
draught, draft - a thing drawn (up); a text. Ayenbyte of Inwyt "... ate ginninge of þe draȝþe [Vices & Vertues (2) hath "tretis"] of uirtue, ...". Should be spelt draught, for -t see height from O. E. from Old English hīehþu. An O. E. *dræhþu from draȝan is likely if we umbethink O. N. drāttr, OHG traht, MDu. dracht, etc.
dreed - performed; endured. From O.E. drēoȝan. Should be drough from O.E. drēah→ drēoȝan, see chose from O. E. ċēas →ċēosan and for -ugh see though, earlier thogh from O. E. þēah. dreed ariseth when this work-word is mistook as weak rather than strong.
drightfare - procession; parade.
dwolmen - heretics
eath(e) - easy; easily
edledged - repeated
edthrutching - reprinting
eftspelling - recapitulation O.E. eftspellung
etching - adding. to etch is better English than to say to eke, see John Palsgrave's English-French Lexicon (1530) "I etche, I increase a thynge. Je augmente". To etch in new English is borrowed from German ätzen "to eat".
ettin - giant
followeth - follows
forebisening - example
foreshowing - revealing
formenged - mixed up; confused
formenging - bad mixture; confusion
forthship - advancement; progress.
Frankland - France
Freese - Frisians
frellsed - celebrated. See Orrmulum (Junius 1) 11073: Loc nu ȝiff twellfte daȝȝ iss wurrþ To beon wurrþlike freollsedd.
Cursor Mundi (Göt Theol 107) 16942: Throru his hali rode tre, þan war we frelsed all. From O.E. frēolsian.
frimth - origin
fritch - a dance
fritches - dances from O.E. frician to dance. In Middle English fryke is found thus "Þo oure lord god..." (incipit) (New York, Pierpont Morgan Library M 957) "Ȝhe gan to hoppe and to fryke".
frith - peace Old English friþ, lived on into Middle English mainly as a law word.
frithsome - peaceful O.E. friþsum.
fyrwit - curious
getteth - gets
ghostly - spiritual
ghostly forthship - spiritual advancement
girdle-stead - waist
goeth - goes
gyden - goddess. O. E. gyden is to god, as vixen is to fox and minchin (now found only in tonames) to monk.
haleth - hero. From O. E. hæleþ. see German Held.
handwrit - manuscript
hath - has.
hendiest - most courteous.
hidlock - disguise. From John Mirk's Festial (Bodley, Gough E
Icelandish - Icelandic
indrawing - interesting
inleading - introduction
in the mean reckoning - CE. mean here is common.
inting - cause
inwrit - inscription
landshear - the boundary of two or more lands O. E. land-scearu; f.
lathed - invited O.E. laþian - "to invite; entreat" lived on in dialect "lathed"
laught - caught
lave - rest; remainder; remnant; widow from O. E. lāf. Lāf becometh lave in the same way stæf became in Middle English stave (without doing away with staf) before being corrected to staff. And OE clif became clive and cleve.
The Life of St. Cuthbert in English Verse ‥, ed. J. T. Fowler, Sur. Soc. 87 (1891): Half his brede his horse he gaue
And kepid to him self þe laue.
A word found much more in the "Inglis" spoken in Scotland, than in England.
lawday - a trial in a court of law
leaf - page hence the saying "turn over a new leaf".
leasing tale - a fable; a myth. See O. E. lēasung spell and what king Sverri is said to have called lygisögur in Þorgils saga ok Hafliða .
linketh - links
liveth - lives
maketh - makes
manifold - plural in Stavecraft. Ælfrîc De Arte Grammatica "Numerus is getel, singularis et pluralis ânfeald oððe menigfeald."
marketh - marks
meaneth - means
meeteth - meets
minn - to remember from O.E. ?*mynnan. O.N. minna. Orrmulum 9343: Me mineþþ þatt te Goddspell seȝȝþ. William Langland, Piers Plowman, C text 18.210: Mynne ȝe nat, lettered men, hou þo men honourede More tresour [þan] treuthe. See munie, munied.
minning day - anniversary
needwork - labour
new belief - often Christianity is meant, but any belief later than that of the old gods.
nithering - depression; denigration.
Northlands - Scandinavia
Northern, Nor'n - Norse. Norse or Noors is Dutch, not English or Nor'n. In English Noors would be "Northish".
Northerners - Scandinavians
notefully withmeted - usefully compared
onefold - singular in Stavecraft. Ælfrîc De Arte Grammatica "Numerus is getel, singularis et pluralis ânfeald oððe menigfeald."
openeth - opens
otherworldly - spiritual
outdraughts - extracts
outfoldeth - reveals; explains
outlaid - published
outlaying - edition
outleap - an escape O. E. ūthlēap. Legal Glossary in Cotton MS Galba E.4 209: Vtlep: Escap de prison. The word is also given to the wite-red taken by a lord for one of his "serfs" leaving his land without his leave.
outset - published or edited
Parsees - Persians.
sayeth - says
selcouth - rare
sooth - truth; veritas.
soothed - proved
speech-lore masters - linguists
Stavecraft - Grammar.
staverhyme - alliterative poetry. George Stephens, Two leaves of king Waldere's lay, a hitherto unknown Old-English epic 1860, leaf 22:
stemmeth - stems
stightled - arranged; ordered. See stightling, akin to O. E. stihtung. On the -l- see sehtlian beside sehtian.
stightling - arrangement; order. Akin to O. E. stihtung.
stow names - place names
suchnesses - qualities
sunder - special
sunder kind - special kind
sunstead =solstice
swathe - trace, track Old English "On Oliuetes dúne syndon nú gyt ða swæþe Drihtnes fótlásta..." "On Olivet-down are now yet the traces of the Lord's feet..." .
taketh - takes
tale - an account, story but also a counting, a number. untold riches are uncounted riches.
telleth - tells
tellings - versions of a song
thaining-men - serving men
th'ilk - the same. From the + ilk.
tokening - symbolism
tonames - surnames
t'other - second
thirdhood - third person in Stavecraft.
throop - village O.E. þrop. Akin to Dutch dorp and German dorf. Chaucer The Tale of the Clerk of Oxenford:
Noght fer fro thilke paleys honurable
Ther as this markys shoop his mariage,
Ther stood a throop, of site delitable,
In which that povre folk of that village
Hadden hir beestes and hir herbergage,
And of hir lobour tooke hir sustenance,
After that the erthe yaf hem habundance.
Amonges thise povre folk ther dwelte a man
Which that was holden povrest of hem alle;
But hye God somtyme senden kan
His grace into a litel oxes stalle
Janicula men of that throop hym calle.
A doghter hadde he, fair ynogh to sighte,
And Grisildis this yonge mayden highte.
thrutching - printing
thrutched - printed
thwear - agree
tivering - picture
to-deal - to divide
truefast - faithful, truthful, a true believer in the old gods.
truefastness - faith, truth, troth, belief, true belief in the old gods.
twyfold - double Spenser has twyfold
"Her twyfold Teme (of which, two black as Pitch,
And two were brown, yet each to each unlich)"
twyfoldly - doubly.
umbethink - consider
underking - viceregent; viceroy
underput - subdue
unlikenesses - differences
N.B. unlikely in the sense of "improbable", as also likely in the sense of "probable", are not English words but Norn built up from glíkligr/líkligr.
unqueam - unpleasant
ween - to suppose
weening - opinion
werely - masculine, see were- of werewolf.
wield - to rule. From O.E. wealdan, gewieldan.
wifely - feminine
wight - a being, creature, but often a supernatural being, an elf is meant.
wite-red - a fine
witherward - opposite; wholly opposed or contrary
withmete - to compare
withmeted - compared
withmeting - comparing
wone - custom, missaid in latterday English as "wont" in phrases like "it is my wont" - wont is the past tense of the half-forgotten verb, see below.
wones - customs, traditions
wonesome - traditional
wont - accustomed
wordcraft - skill with words
wording - phrase; quotation
work-word - verb. Borrowed from the Dutch werkwoord, the Old English for verb was word.
wyrd - history; fate. O.E. spelling kept over new English weird as this is a word that hath lost its true meaning.
wyrdwriter - history-writer (historiographus); historian. O.E. wyrdwritere.
they yeet - they pour
yielded - paid.
yore time - time past Chaucer Franklin's Prologue and Tale3: "He‥hadde yknowen hym of tyme yoore".
yorefather, yorefathers - ancestors Pearl (Nero A.10) "Oure ȝorefader hit con mysseȝeme".
doth - does
draught, draft - a thing drawn (up); a text. Ayenbyte of Inwyt "... ate ginninge of þe draȝþe [Vices & Vertues (2) hath "tretis"] of uirtue, ...". Should be spelt draught, for -t see height from O. E. from Old English hīehþu. An O. E. *dræhþu from draȝan is likely if we umbethink O. N. drāttr, OHG traht, MDu. dracht, etc.
dreed - performed; endured. From O.E. drēoȝan. Should be drough from O.E. drēah→ drēoȝan, see chose from O. E. ċēas →ċēosan and for -ugh see though, earlier thogh from O. E. þēah. dreed ariseth when this work-word is mistook as weak rather than strong.
drightfare - procession; parade.
dwolmen - heretics
eath(e) - easy; easily
edledged - repeated
edthrutching - reprinting
eftspelling - recapitulation O.E. eftspellung
etching - adding. to etch is better English than to say to eke, see John Palsgrave's English-French Lexicon (1530) "I etche, I increase a thynge. Je augmente". To etch in new English is borrowed from German ätzen "to eat".
ettin - giant
evened - equated
eveneld - of the same age or time; contemporary Promptorium Parvulorum (Harley 221) "Eveneholde, or euenelde: Coevus, coetaneus."
evenings - equations
evenlings - equivalents OE efenling
evenworth - equivalent.
fatch - space; interval; period of time O. E. fæc
fightlock - battle. From O.E. feoht-lāc.
eveneld - of the same age or time; contemporary Promptorium Parvulorum (Harley 221) "Eveneholde, or euenelde: Coevus, coetaneus."
evenings - equations
evenlings - equivalents OE efenling
evenworth - equivalent.
fatch - space; interval; period of time O. E. fæc
fightlock - battle. From O.E. feoht-lāc.
see
Altercatio ...
þat
ower fihtlac leteþ beo,
an
ginneþ raþe awei fleo. 1700
findeth - finds. The thirdhood onefold workword ending -s is an evil un-English thing that all good English folk should hate.followeth - follows
forebisening - example
foreshowing - revealing
formenged - mixed up; confused
formenging - bad mixture; confusion
forthship - advancement; progress.
Frankland - France
Freese - Frisians
frellsed - celebrated. See Orrmulum (Junius 1) 11073: Loc nu ȝiff twellfte daȝȝ iss wurrþ To beon wurrþlike freollsedd.
Cursor Mundi (Göt Theol 107) 16942: Throru his hali rode tre, þan war we frelsed all. From O.E. frēolsian.
frimth - origin
fritch - a dance
fritches - dances from O.E. frician to dance. In Middle English fryke is found thus "Þo oure lord god..." (incipit) (New York, Pierpont Morgan Library M 957) "Ȝhe gan to hoppe and to fryke".
frith - peace Old English friþ, lived on into Middle English mainly as a law word.
frithsome - peaceful O.E. friþsum.
fyrwit - curious
getteth - gets
ghostly - spiritual
ghostly forthship - spiritual advancement
girdle-stead - waist
goeth - goes
gyden - goddess. O. E. gyden is to god, as vixen is to fox and minchin (now found only in tonames) to monk.
haleth - hero. From O. E. hæleþ. see German Held.
handwrit - manuscript
hath - has.
hendiest - most courteous.
hidlock - disguise. From John Mirk's Festial (Bodley, Gough E
Top
4): "Þay... durst not go openly among þe pepull, but in
hudeloke, to gete hom mete of som preue frendys þat þay had."
highfathers - patriarchs Icelandish - Icelandic
indrawing - interesting
inleading - introduction
in the mean reckoning - CE. mean here is common.
inting - cause
inwrit - inscription
landshear - the boundary of two or more lands O. E. land-scearu; f.
lathed - invited O.E. laþian - "to invite; entreat" lived on in dialect "lathed"
laught - caught
lave - rest; remainder; remnant; widow from O. E. lāf. Lāf becometh lave in the same way stæf became in Middle English stave (without doing away with staf) before being corrected to staff. And OE clif became clive and cleve.
The Life of St. Cuthbert in English Verse ‥, ed. J. T. Fowler, Sur. Soc. 87 (1891): Half his brede his horse he gaue
And kepid to him self þe laue.
A word found much more in the "Inglis" spoken in Scotland, than in England.
lawday - a trial in a court of law
leaf - page hence the saying "turn over a new leaf".
leasing tale - a fable; a myth. See O. E. lēasung spell and what king Sverri is said to have called lygisögur in Þorgils saga ok Hafliða .
leeth - poem. O. E. lēoþ. Dutch and German Lied. Northern ljóð.
O.E. -ēo- mostly becometh new English -ee- thus bēo now bee, hwēol now wheel and so on.
lightsome - giving off lightlinketh - links
liveth - lives
maketh - makes
manifold - plural in Stavecraft. Ælfrîc De Arte Grammatica "Numerus is getel, singularis et pluralis ânfeald oððe menigfeald."
marketh - marks
meaneth - means
meeteth - meets
minn - to remember from O.E. ?*mynnan. O.N. minna. Orrmulum 9343: Me mineþþ þatt te Goddspell seȝȝþ. William Langland, Piers Plowman, C text 18.210: Mynne ȝe nat, lettered men, hou þo men honourede More tresour [þan] treuthe. See munie, munied.
minning day - anniversary
misbrooked - misused
misliked - disliked
moodstathel - character. From O. E. mōdstaþol.
munie - remember Proverbs of Alfred "Mildeliche ich munye, myne leoue freond".
munied - remembered O. E. mynegian, myngian, mynian.
English Conquest of Ireland (Oxford, Bodleian Library, Rawl. B.490):
"He mvnyed the Erle of his promes. "
Laȝamon:
Þa þe burh wes imaked þa wes he swiþe mare
þa burh wes swiþe wel idon and he hire sette name on
he ȝef hire to hire tirfulne name Troye þe Newe
to munien his ikunde whone he icomen weore
Otho handwrit hath miniȝi for munien. In late Middle English the verb was often badly forshortened to "mynge" "minnge" past tense "mynged" maybe under the sway of mengian "to mix". Some texts have -w- for -ȝ- so "mynewe" third person sing. present "meneweþ"/ "menweþ".
munieth - remembers. Life of St.Margaret (Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. 34) "[Þ]is meiden þet we munieð wes Margarete ihaten."
nameth - namesmunie - remember Proverbs of Alfred "Mildeliche ich munye, myne leoue freond".
munied - remembered O. E. mynegian, myngian, mynian.
English Conquest of Ireland (Oxford, Bodleian Library, Rawl. B.490):
"He mvnyed the Erle of his promes. "
Laȝamon:
Þa þe burh wes imaked þa wes he swiþe mare
þa burh wes swiþe wel idon and he hire sette name on
he ȝef hire to hire tirfulne name Troye þe Newe
to munien his ikunde whone he icomen weore
Otho handwrit hath miniȝi for munien. In late Middle English the verb was often badly forshortened to "mynge" "minnge" past tense "mynged" maybe under the sway of mengian "to mix". Some texts have -w- for -ȝ- so "mynewe" third person sing. present "meneweþ"/ "menweþ".
munieth - remembers. Life of St.Margaret (Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. 34) "[Þ]is meiden þet we munieð wes Margarete ihaten."
needwork - labour
new belief - often Christianity is meant, but any belief later than that of the old gods.
nithering - depression; denigration.
Northlands - Scandinavia
Northern, Nor'n - Norse. Norse or Noors is Dutch, not English or Nor'n. In English Noors would be "Northish".
Northerners - Scandinavians
notefully withmeted - usefully compared
onefold - singular in Stavecraft. Ælfrîc De Arte Grammatica "Numerus is getel, singularis et pluralis ânfeald oððe menigfeald."
openeth - opens
otherworldly - spiritual
outdraughts - extracts
outfoldeth - reveals; explains
outlaid - published
outlaying - edition
outleap - an escape O. E. ūthlēap. Legal Glossary in Cotton MS Galba E.4 209: Vtlep: Escap de prison. The word is also given to the wite-red taken by a lord for one of his "serfs" leaving his land without his leave.
outset - published or edited
Parsees - Persians.
rede - advice; counsel
rede-givers - advisers, counsellors.
rimth - space. From O. E. rȳmþ Promptorium Parvulorum (Hrl 221) 434: Rymthe [Winchester Cathedral Bookhoard: Rymth], or space, or rowme: Spacium.
row - seriesrede-givers - advisers, counsellors.
rimth - space. From O. E. rȳmþ Promptorium Parvulorum (Hrl 221) 434: Rymthe [Winchester Cathedral Bookhoard: Rymth], or space, or rowme: Spacium.
sayeth - says
selcouth - rare
sooth - truth; veritas.
soothed - proved
speech-lore masters - linguists
Stavecraft - Grammar.
staverhyme - alliterative poetry. George Stephens, Two leaves of king Waldere's lay, a hitherto unknown Old-English epic 1860, leaf 22:
- "Our ancestors grounded their verse on stave-rhyme and accent […]"
- German Stabreim.
stemmeth - stems
stightled - arranged; ordered. See stightling, akin to O. E. stihtung. On the -l- see sehtlian beside sehtian.
stightling - arrangement; order. Akin to O. E. stihtung.
Northern
Passion (Cambridge University Bookhoard, handwrit Gg.5.31):
“Ihesus sat at þe burd;
He bad þaime all sitte at a worde;
All þai satte with owten styghtelyng”
stow - place, see also steadstow names - place names
suchnesses - qualities
sunder - special
sunder kind - special kind
sunstead =solstice
swathe - trace, track Old English "On Oliuetes dúne syndon nú gyt ða swæþe Drihtnes fótlásta..." "On Olivet-down are now yet the traces of the Lord's feet..." .
taketh - takes
tale - an account, story but also a counting, a number. untold riches are uncounted riches.
telleth - tells
tellings - versions of a song
thaining-men - serving men
th'ilk - the same. From the + ilk.
tokening - symbolism
tonames - surnames
t'other - second
thirdhood - third person in Stavecraft.
throop - village O.E. þrop. Akin to Dutch dorp and German dorf. Chaucer The Tale of the Clerk of Oxenford:
Noght fer fro thilke paleys honurable
Ther as this markys shoop his mariage,
Ther stood a throop, of site delitable,
In which that povre folk of that village
Hadden hir beestes and hir herbergage,
And of hir lobour tooke hir sustenance,
After that the erthe yaf hem habundance.
Amonges thise povre folk ther dwelte a man
Which that was holden povrest of hem alle;
But hye God somtyme senden kan
His grace into a litel oxes stalle
Janicula men of that throop hym calle.
A doghter hadde he, fair ynogh to sighte,
And Grisildis this yonge mayden highte.
thrutching - printing
thrutched - printed
thwear - agree
tivering - picture
to-deal - to divide
truefast - faithful, truthful, a true believer in the old gods.
truefastness - faith, truth, troth, belief, true belief in the old gods.
twyfold - double Spenser has twyfold
"Her twyfold Teme (of which, two black as Pitch,
And two were brown, yet each to each unlich)"
twyfoldly - doubly.
umbethink - consider
underking - viceregent; viceroy
underput - subdue
unlikenesses - differences
unlikelinesses - differences O. E. un-gelícness Trinity College Accedence (Trinity College Camb. O.5.4) "Wordes that bytokenyth byddyng, hotyng, or comaundyng, lycclynesse or vnlicclynesse, euenesse or vneuenesse‥wyll constreu wyth datyf case."
unlikely - adj. different O.E. only books ungeliclic with the meaning "improper; unseemly" but ungelicness is booked once meaning "difference, dissimilarity". The Revelations of Saint Birgitta, (Garrett 145) "That swettnes of the sprete is vnlykely to all temperall swettnes." "The sweetness of the spirit is different to all temporal sweetness." N.B. unlikely in the sense of "improbable", as also likely in the sense of "probable", are not English words but Norn built up from glíkligr/líkligr.
unqueam - unpleasant
ween - to suppose
weening - opinion
werely - masculine, see were- of werewolf.
wield - to rule. From O.E. wealdan, gewieldan.
wifely - feminine
wight - a being, creature, but often a supernatural being, an elf is meant.
wite-red - a fine
witherward - opposite; wholly opposed or contrary
withmete - to compare
withmeted - compared
withmeting - comparing
witter - certain. From earlier Ancrene Wisse (Cambridge Corpus Christi college handwrit 402) : "Suspitio‥is mis ortrowunge bi mon oðer bi
wummon wið uten witer tacne". See witterly.
witterly - certainly from earlier "witerlice" see Bodley handwrit 343 "Witerlice þa sunfulle beoð heoræ yfele weorce ilice". Akin to Middle Swedish
vitterliga, early Danish viderlige. Mistaken for O.E. witodlīce, witedlīce.
wood-snoad - wood-cutwone - custom, missaid in latterday English as "wont" in phrases like "it is my wont" - wont is the past tense of the half-forgotten verb, see below.
wones - customs, traditions
wonesome - traditional
wont - accustomed
wordcraft - skill with words
wording - phrase; quotation
work-word - verb. Borrowed from the Dutch werkwoord, the Old English for verb was word.
wyrd - history; fate. O.E. spelling kept over new English weird as this is a word that hath lost its true meaning.
wyrdwriter - history-writer (historiographus); historian. O.E. wyrdwritere.
they yeet - they pour
yielded - paid.
yore time - time past Chaucer Franklin's Prologue and Tale3: "He‥hadde yknowen hym of tyme yoore".
yorefather, yorefathers - ancestors Pearl (Nero A.10) "Oure ȝorefader hit con mysseȝeme".
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